https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43761 Quest cultivar, but the Fe concentration in rice tissues showed the reverse order. Fe plaque formations were promoted by Fe application, which was 7.8 and 10.4 times higher at 1 and 2 g kg-1 Fe applications compared to the control Fe treatment. The Quest cultivar exhibited 13% higher iron plaque formation capacity compared to the Langi cultivar in both soil types. These results indicate that enhanced iron plaque formation on the root surface was crucial to reduce the Cd concentration in rice plants, which could be an effective strategy to regulate grain Cd accumulation in rice plants.]]> Wed 28 Sep 2022 15:44:43 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34228 Wed 20 Feb 2019 15:55:46 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37162 Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:29:46 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48355 Wed 15 Mar 2023 10:59:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34067 Wed 06 Feb 2019 09:51:04 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43932 Wed 05 Oct 2022 12:44:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29971 Wed 04 Sep 2019 10:24:35 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48994 Wed 01 May 2024 08:50:12 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39295 1) and carcinogenic risks (CR > 1.0 × 10−4) increased with increasing Cd levels in the soil. The application of Fe decreased the human health risks from rice consumption which is more pronounced in Fe 2.0 than in Fe1.0 treatments. The rice cultivar grown in soil-1 (pH 4.6) showed the highest health risks as compared to soil-2 (pH 6.6) and the Quest cultivar had lower health risks than the Langi cultivar.]]> Tue 31 Oct 2023 11:13:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38869 Mesotaenium sp., Chlorococcum sp. and Scenedesmus sp.) to environmentally relevant concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) was compared individually in three growth media viz. Bold's Basal Medium (BBM), Test Medium 1 (TM1) and Test Medium 2 (TM2) based on fluorescence reduction. Free metal content of growth media was determined by Visual MINTEQ (version 3.1). After 24 h, relative fluorescence of microalgae in the three media decreased with increased metal concentration showing a concentration dependent graded toxicity response. All microalgae were more sensitive to the metals when grown in TM1, when compared, more sensitive to Cr⁶⁺ than Cd²⁺. Metal speciation indicated that TM1 and TM2 media have higher percentage of bioavailable Cd²⁺ than BBM, and chromium was present mainly as CrO₄^2- and HCrO₄^-. The results suggest that the TM1 medium is more suitable under short term exposure of microalgae to metals in environmental monitoring.]]> Tue 22 Feb 2022 15:12:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38834 Tue 15 Feb 2022 12:23:53 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47043 Tue 13 Dec 2022 14:22:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33556 Tue 03 Sep 2019 18:31:47 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41360 Tue 02 Aug 2022 14:31:24 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51331 Thu 31 Aug 2023 16:24:58 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22430 Thu 22 Sep 2016 11:02:43 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36013 Thu 20 Feb 2020 11:35:04 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38961 -1) in agricultural soils. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 4.21 ± 0.29 and 4.02 ± 0.95, respectively, whereas the maximum health risk index (HRI) was 3.85 ± 0.049 and 5.33 ± 0.271, respectively, for Mustang and Lancer. In other words, the malondialdehyde content increased significantly in Mustang (around five-fold) and Lancer (around four-fold) compared with the control treatment. Results revealed that Cd content was well above the acceptable limit (HRI >1) in the two cultivars when exposed to different levels of Cd stress. The tolerant cultivar (Mustang) has potential to chelate Cd in the nonedible parts of plants in variable fractions and can be used efficiently to improve growth and macro- and micro-nutrients content while reducing Cd concentration in plants in Cd-contaminated soil. It can also diminish the HRI, which may help to protect humans from Cd risks. The two cultivars' nutrient availability and sorption capacity significantly shape their survival and adaptability under Cd stress. Based on what is documented in the current study, we can conclude that Mustang is more tolerant and poses fewer health hazards to people than Lancer because of its capacity to maintain grain macro- and micro-nutrients under Cd stress.]]> Thu 17 Mar 2022 14:21:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33539 Thu 15 Nov 2018 15:26:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46975 Thu 06 Jul 2023 15:23:14 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:12271 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:10:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27862 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30028 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:24:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27577 Vibrio fischeri, are investigated. Results showed that coexistence of TC and Cu(II) showed a significant antagonistic effect, while TC and Cd(II) showed a synergistic effect. The aqueous speciation of TC with two metal cations was calculated using a chemical equilibrium software Visual MINTEQ and results indicated that a strong complexation exist between TC and Cu(II), while much weaker interaction between TC and Cd(II). Traditional joint toxicity prediction model based on independent action failed to predict the combined toxicity of TC with metals. A new method based on speciation calculation was used to evaluate the joint toxicity of ligands and cations. It is assumed that the metal–ligand complexes are non-toxic to V. fischeri and the joint toxicity is determined by the sum of toxic unit of free metal-ions and free organic ligands. It explained the joint toxicity of the mixed systems reasonably well. Meanwhile, citric acid (CA) and fulvic acid (FA) were also introduced in this study to provide a benchmark comparison with TC. Results showed it is also valid for mixed systems of CA and FA with metals except for the Cd–CA mixture.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:23:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24839 Coelosphaerium sp., Synechococcus sp., Oscillatoria sp. and Chroococcus sp. to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr⁶⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺was assessed based on fluorescence change as a proxy for growth reduction. At 24 h exposure, the growth reduction inthe cyanobacteria followed the order: Zn²⁺ < Cr⁶⁺ ≤ Cd²⁺. Of the four cyanobacteria, Synechococcus was the most sensitive for Cr⁶⁺, where as Chroococcus was the most sensitive for Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Sensitivity was gradually decreased by 96 h implying the acquisition of tolerance by cyanobacteria to heavy metal ions with prolonged exposure.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:11:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45523 Mon 31 Oct 2022 14:16:56 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38391 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:44:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48683 1.97–7.77 µg/L) compared to quartile I (0.23–0.57 µg/L, reference). This study revealed that low blood cadmium levels <1.47 µg/L are probably associated with improved overall survival in treated patients with stage IA disease.]]> Mon 27 Mar 2023 14:53:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38759 in planta. BcNRAMP1 is expressed in the whole plant body of pak choi, with a higher abundance in root tissues than in shoots. Mn deficiency and Cd exposure strongly induced BcNRAMP1 transcription levels. Through transient expression of BcNRAMP1-GFP fusion protein in tobacco leaf epidermal cells, BcNRAMP1 was revealed as a plasma membrane protein. Expressing BcNRAMP1 in yeast enhanced yeast cells to absorb Mn, Cd, and iron (Fe). Overexpression of BcNRAMP1 in Arabidopsis wild-type and nramp1 mutant increased and complemented Mn and Cd transportation and accumulation, respectively. Using noninvasive microelectrode ion flux measurements, a direct evidence that BcNRAMP1 acts on Cd influx in Arabidopsis root cells was provided. The results of this study reveal that BcNRAMP1 functions as a NRAMP protein in planta, absorbing nutrient metal Mn and the toxic metal Cd.]]> Mon 24 Jan 2022 16:32:15 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37157 Desmodesmus sp. MAS1 and Heterochlorella sp. MAS3, originally isolated from non-acidophilic environment, were tested for their ability to withstand higher concentrations of an invasive heavy metal, cadmium (Cd), at an acidic pH of 3.5 and produce biomass rich in biodiesel. The growth analysis, in terms of chlorophyll, revealed that strain MAS1 was tolerant even to 20 mg L^-1 of Cd while strain MAS3 could withstand only up to 5 mg L^-1. When grown in the presence of 2 mg L^-1, a concentration which is 400-fold higher than that usually occurs in the environment, the microalgal strains accumulated >58% of Cd from culture medium at pH 3.5. FTIR analysis of Cd-laden biomass indicated production of significant amounts of biodiesel rich in fatty acid esters. This is the first study that demonstrates the capability of acid-tolerant microalgae to grow well and remove Cd at acidic pH.]]> Mon 24 Aug 2020 15:36:43 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47561 Mon 23 Jan 2023 13:04:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43435 P_app), with differences in ML retention and complexation amongst the chelants and the gut microbes. The decrease in ML permeability varied amongst the MLs. Chelating agents reduce intestinal absorption of MLs by forming complexes thereby making them less permeable. In the case of gut bacteria, the decrease in the intestinal permeability of MLs may be associated to a direct protection of the intestinal barrier against the MLs or indirect intestinal ML sequestration by the gut bacteria through adsorption on bacterial surface. Thus, both gut microbes and chelating agents can be used to decrease the intestinal permeability of MLs, thereby mitigating their toxicity.]]> Mon 19 Sep 2022 11:35:28 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51765 Cd > Pb > As(III)>As(V) for E. coli; and Hg > Cd > As(III)>Pb > As(V) for the two Lactobacillus sp. Arsenite (AsIII) showed higher toxicity than arsenate (AsV) to gut bacteria. While As is an anion, Cd, Pb and Hg are cations and hence their binding capacity to the bacterial cell wall varied based on the charge dependent functional groups. However, the toxic effects of PTEs for a bacteria are controlled by their speciation and bioavailability.]]> Mon 18 Sep 2023 14:23:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34744 Sarcocornia quinqueflora), across three contaminated estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Average sediment concentrations ranged from 62 to 764 μg/g for Zn, 20–52 μg/g for Cu, 27–311 μg/g for Pb and 0.45–1.90 μg/g for Cd across estuaries. Lake Macquarie was the most contaminated estuary, with the Hunter River estuary and Sydney Olympic Park exhibiting intermediate levels of sediment metal contamination. Bioconcentration factors for metal uptake from sediment to roots were ≥ 1 (except for Cu). Translocation within the plant was low for most metals, with apparent barriers to transport identified at the root: non-photosynthetic stem interface for Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, and at the non-photosynthetic stem: photosynthetic stem transition for Pb and Cd. All metals accumulated in roots with increasing sediment exposure, and lower soil organic matter predicted greater Pb and Cu uptake to roots. Further, increases in sediment pH predicted greater Cd root accumulation. However, transport was regulated to the non-photosynthetic stem for Zn, and to the PS stem for Zn and Pb. In terms of employing S. quinqueflora as a bioindicator, all root metals, and Pb and Cd in non-photosynthetic stem tissue exhibited relationships with sediment metal loads, though high variability made their predictive ability limited.]]> Mon 15 May 2023 11:31:26 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47900 Mon 06 Feb 2023 14:13:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33876 Fri 30 Aug 2019 13:07:57 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39997 n = 144) were collected from the markets of 16 districts of Bangladesh to determine the distribution, regional variability and associated health risk from Cd. The mean and median concentrations of Cd in rice were 44 μg/kg and 34 μg/kg, respectively, ranging between 1 and 180 μg/kg, dry weight. The Cd concentrations of the rice samples did not exceed the safe limit of EU/CODEX but 9% exceeded the safe limit of FSANZ (Food standards Australia New Zealand) values. Results indicated that there were significant variations of Cd among (33%) and within (67%) the districts. Some rice brands such as Najirshail, Katarivogh and Chinigura had Cd levels of 81, 70 and 68 μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium ingested on a daily basis ranged between 0.09 and 0.58 μg/kg body weight (bw) with the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for individuals varying between 1.35 x 10⁻³ and 8.7 x 10⁻³ in different districts. The age groups (2–5 yrs) and (6–10 yrs) experienced higher risks than others and both males and females were found to be susceptible from Cd exposure of rice.]]> Fri 15 Jul 2022 10:11:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42990 Fri 09 Sep 2022 13:56:20 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52999 Vigna radiata) in two contrast soil types (Dermosol and Tenosol). The soil types with added Zn and Cd exerted a significant effect on translocation and accumulation of metals in different tissues. The accumulation of Zn and Cd was higher for Tenosol than that for Dermosol. At control, the concentration of Cd followed a pattern, e.g., root > stem > petiole > pod > leaflet > grain for both soils. A basal Zn supply (5 mg kg^-1) increased the grain Zn concentration to a significant amount (up to 67%). It also reduced Cd accumulation in tissues, including grains (up to 34%). No non-carcinogenic effect was observed for either the children or the adults as the EDI and PTDI values were below the safety limit; however, the ILCR values exceeded the safety limit, indicating the possibility of some carcinogenic effects. Added Zn helped to reduce the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks on humans.]]> Fri 03 Nov 2023 16:05:28 AEDT ]]>